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Giới thiệu về History of Thailand

Có ngôn ngữ tiếng Anh và tiếng Thái (ไทย)

(English)

Thai people, who originally lived in southwestern China, migrated into mainland Southeast Asia over a period of many centuries. The oldest known mention of their existence in the region by the exonym Siamese is in a 12th-century inscription at the Khmer temple complex of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, which refers to syam, or "dark brown", people. "Siam" may have originated from the Sanskrit śyāma "dark", referring to the relative skin colour of its native people. Xiānluó was the name for the northern kingdom centred on Sukhothai and Sawankhalok, but to the Thai themselves, the name of the country has always been Mueang Thai.

The country's designation as Siam by Westerners likely came from the Portuguese, the first Europeans to give a coherent account of the country. Portuguese chronicles noted that the Borommatrailokkanat, king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, sent an expedition to the Malacca Sultanate at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula in 1455. Following their conquest of Malacca in 1511, the Portuguese sent a diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya. A century later, on 15 August 1612, The Globe, an East India Company merchantman bearing a letter from King James I, arrived in "the Road of Syam", "By the end of the 19th century, Siam had become so enshrined in geographical nomenclature that it was believed that by this name and no other would it continue to be known and styled."

(ไทย)

ประเทศไทย มีชื่ออย่างเป็นทางการว่า ราชอาณาจักรไทย เป็นรัฐชาติอันตั้งอยู่ในภูมิภาคเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ เดิมมีชื่อว่า "สยาม" รัฐบาลประกาศเปลี่ยนชื่อเป็นประเทศไทยอย่างเป็นทางการตั้งแต่ปี 2482 ประเทศไทยมีขนาดใหญ่เป็นอันดับที่ 50 ของโลก มีเนื้อที่ 513,120 ตารางกิโลเมตร[12] และมีประชากรมากเป็นอันดับที่ 20 ของโลก คือ ประมาณ 69 ล้านคน มีอาณาเขตติดต่อกับประเทศพม่าทางทิศเหนือและตะวันตก ประเทศลาวทางทิศเหนือและตะวันออก ประเทศกัมพูชาทางทิศตะวันออก และประเทศมาเลเซียทางทิศใต้ กรุงเทพมหานครเป็นศูนย์กลางการบริหารราชการแผ่นดินและนครใหญ่สุดของประเทศ และการปกครองส่วนภูมิภาค จัดระเบียบเป็น 76 จังหวัด[13] แม้จะมีการสถาปนาระบอบราชาธิปไตยภายใต้รัฐธรรมนูญและประชาธิปไตยระบบรัฐสภาในปี 2475 แต่กองทัพยังมีบทบาทในการเมืองไทยสูง โดยมีรัฐประหารครั้งล่าสุดในปี 2557

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