Biography: Fidel Castro

Tải xuống & Đọc Tiểu sử Fidel Castro

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Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (/ˈkæstroʊ/;[1] American Spanish: [fiˈðel aleˈxandɾo ˈkastɾo ˈrus]; 13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state; industry and business were nationalized, and state socialist reforms were implemented throughout society.

Born in Birán, Oriente, the son of a wealthy Spanish farmer, Castro adopted leftist and anti-imperialist ideas while studying law at the University of Havana. After participating in rebellions against right-wing governments in the Dominican Republic and Colombia, he planned the overthrow of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista, launching a failed attack on the Moncada Barracks in 1953. After a year's imprisonment, Castro traveled to Mexico where he formed a revolutionary group, the 26th of July Movement, with his brother Raúl Castro and Ernesto "Che" Guevara. Returning to Cuba, Castro took a key role in the Cuban Revolution by leading the Movement in a guerrilla war against Batista's forces from the Sierra Maestra. After Batista's overthrow in 1959, Castro assumed military and political power as Cuba's prime minister. The United States came to oppose Castro's government and unsuccessfully attempted to remove him by assassination, economic blockade, and counter-revolution, including the Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961. Countering these threats, Castro aligned with the Soviet Union and allowed the Soviets to place nuclear weapons in Cuba, resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis – a defining incident of the Cold War – in 1962.

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (Birán,1 Oriente, Cuba; 13 de agosto de 1926-La Habana, Cuba; 25 de noviembre de 2016) fue un abogado, político, guerrillero marxista cubano y dictador.5678910 Después de derrocar a la dictadura de Fulgencio Batista gracias a una guerra de guerrillas durante la Revolución cubana, fue mandatario de su país por 50 años, como primer ministro (1959-1976) y presidente (1976-2008). Ha sido calificado de dictador, principalmente por el lapso extendido y carácter autoritario de su mandato.

Durante su mandato, Cuba se convirtió en un Estado socialista de carácter marxista-leninista, bajo el liderazgo del Partido Comunista de Cuba, único en la isla a partir de su llegada al poder, y se llevaron a cabo nacionalizaciones y expropiaciones de medios productivos con el objetivo de llevar a cabo una política económica socialista.