Astigmatism

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Astigmatism is a common type of refractive error. It is a condition in which the eye does not focus light evenly onto the retina, the light sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through one object to another.

Vision occurs when light rays are bent refracted as they pass through the cornea and the lens.

The light is then focused on the retina. The retina converts the light rays into messages that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain. The brain interprets these messages into the images we see.

Astigmatism occurs when light is bent differently depending on where it strikes the cornea and passes through the eyeball.

The cornea of a normal eye is curved like a basketball, with the same degree of roundness in all areas.

An eye with astigmatism has a cornea that is curved more like a football, with some areas that are steeper or more rounded than others.

This can cause images to appear blurry and stretched out.

Astigmatism can affect both children and adults. Some patients with slight astigmatism will not notice much change in their vision.

It is important to have eye examinations at regular intervals in order to detect any astigmatism early on for children.

There are three primary types of astigmatism:

-Myopic astigmatism. One or both principal meridians of the eye are nearsighted. If both meridians are nearsighted, they are myopic in differing degree.

-Hyperopic astigmatism. One or both principal meridians are farsighted. If both are farsighted, they are hyperopic in differing degree.

-Mixed astigmatism. One prinicipal meridian is nearsighted, and the other is farsighted.

Astigmatism also is classified as regular or irregular. In regular astigmatism, the principal meridians are 90 degrees apart perpendicular to each other.

In irregular astigmatism, the principal meridians are not perpendicular. Most astigmatism is regular corneal astigmatism, which gives the front surface of the eye an oval shape.

Irregular astigmatism can result from an eye injury that has caused scarring on the cornea, from certain types of eye surgery or from keratoconus, a disease that causes a gradual thinning of the cornea.

Astigmatism often occurs early in life, so it is important to schedule an eye exam for your child to avoid vision problems in school from uncorrected astigmatism.

In a recent study of 2,523 children ages 5 to 17 years, more than 28 percent had astigmatism of 1.0 diopter D or greater.

Also, there were significant differences in astigmatism prevalence based on ethnicity. Asian and Hispanic children had the highest prevalences 33.6 and 36.9 percent, respectively, followed by whites 26.4 percent and African Americans 20.0 percent.

In another study of more than 11,000 eyeglass wearers in the UK both children and adults, 47.4 percent had astigmatism of 0.75 D or greater in at least one eye, and 24.1 percent had this amount of astigmatism in both eyes.

The prevalence of myopic astigmatism 31.7 percent was approximately double that of hyperopic astigmatism 15.7 percent.

Astigmatism is usually found during a comprehensive dilated eye exam. Being aware of any changes in your vision is important. It can help in detecting any common vision problems. If you notice any changes in your vision, visit your eye care professional for a comprehensive dilated eye examination.

Astigmatism can be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery. Individual lifestyles affect the way astigmatism is treated.

Refractive Surgery aims to change the shape of the cornea permanently. This change in eye shape restores the focusing power of the eye by allowing the light rays to focus precisely on the retina for improved vision.

There are many types of refractive surgeries. Your eye care professional can help you decide if surgery is an option for you.

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